Noha Gad

Investment funds serve as collective vehicles that pool capital from multiple investors to pursue shared financial objectives, ranging from conservative bond portfolios to aggressive equity strategies. These funds democratize access to professional asset management, diversification, and economies of scale, allowing individuals and institutions to allocate resources efficiently across global markets. Within this dynamic landscape, hedge funds emerged as a distinctive category, designed for sophisticated, accredited investors who seek superior risk-adjusted returns through innovative and often unrestricted approaches.

What are hedge funds?

A hedge fund is an actively managed private investment fund that pools capital and is managed by professional fund managers. These managers employ various advanced strategies that transcend traditional buy-and-hold investing. They leverage tools like short selling, derivatives, arbitrage, and substantial borrowing to hedge against market downturns while amplifying upside potential, aiming to deliver positive returns regardless of broader economic conditions.

Flexibility is what distinguishes hedge funds. They enable investors to navigate volatility, capitalize on inefficiencies, and generate alpha through quantitative models, event-driven plays, or global macro bets.

Structured as limited partnerships with high minimum investments, performance-based fees, and lock-up periods, hedge funds prioritize absolute performance over relative benchmarks, appealing to high-net-worth individuals, endowments, and pension funds willing to accept elevated risks for potentially outsized rewards.   

These funds pool money that is managed to outperform average market returns. The fund manager often hedges the fund’s positions to protect them from market risk. 

Types of hedge funds:

The four common types of hedge funds are:

• Global macro hedge funds. This type is an actively managed investment vehicle that aims to profit from large market moves driven by political or economic events. Managers take long or short positions across assets, such as currencies, futures, bonds, commodities, and index products, assembling a mix of assets to maximize returns under expected conditions. Access is often limited by high investment minimums and fees.
• Equity hedge funds. This type might be global or specific to one country, investing in lucrative stocks while hedging against downturns in equity markets by shorting overvalued stocks or stock indices.
• Relative value hedge funds. These funds actively manage investments to exploit temporary price differences in related securities. A common strategy when managing relative value funds consists of initiating a long and short position for a pair of assets that are highly correlated. Relative value funds may generate risk-free profits through the process of buying and selling two different securities at the same time.
• Activist hedge funds. These funds aim to invest in businesses and take actions that boost the stock price, such as demanding that companies cut costs, restructure assets, or change the board of directors.

Why do investors choose to invest in hedge funds?

Investors choose hedge funds for their ability to achieve stronger investment performance relative to the risks taken, especially in uncertain or non-trending markets where traditional options may struggle. By using advanced, flexible strategies not available to standard mutual funds, they appeal to institutions, endowments, and wealthy individuals seeking returns that exceed the market average. Hedge funds offer a wide range of benefits, including:

• Higher returns. Hedge funds aim for absolute returns, targeting positive performance regardless of market direction through techniques such as leverage, short selling, and derivatives. This enables investors to capitalize on both rising and falling markets, often outperforming benchmarks during downturns when long-only funds suffer.
• Diversification. Unlike conventional portfolios dominated by equities and bonds, hedge funds span asset classes including commodities, currencies, private assets, and arbitrage opportunities, reducing correlation to public markets. 
• Risk control. Professional managers employ advanced risk tools, such as hedging, dynamic allocation, and quantitative models, to protect capital while pursuing opportunities. Specialized teams focus on metrics, such as Value at Risk, appealing to investors seeking skilled navigation of complex global trends.
• Access to unique strategies. Investors gain entry to event-driven, macro, or quantitative plays unavailable elsewhere, enhancing portfolio efficiency.

In summary, hedge funds represent a specialized segment within the broader investment fund landscape, designed for sophisticated investors seeking performance that is independent of market trends. By employing flexible, advanced strategies, these funds aim to deliver strong risk-adjusted returns, diversify portfolios, and provide access to unique opportunities beyond traditional markets. 

Ghada Ismail

Around the world, technology has become a catalyst for inclusion, transforming how people with disabilities engage with the economy, access education, and participate fully in society. From AI-powered communication tools to digital accessibility platforms and supported employment systems, innovation continues to dismantle barriers that once constrained opportunity.

In Saudi Arabia, this global wave of accessibility tech is gaining unique momentum. With Vision 2030 emphasizing social inclusion, human empowerment, and digital transformation, there’s a growing recognition that technology must work for all citizens, including the millions who live with disabilities. What was once mainly the responsibility of public institutions and NGOs is now increasingly being advanced by startups and mission-driven organizations harnessing technological solutions to improve the quality of life and economic participation for people with disabilities.

This article examines the evolving Saudi accessibility tech landscape, highlighting key innovations, market dynamics, real-world examples, regulatory and social context, and the road ahead.

Market Overview: Accessibility Innovation in Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia’s accessibility ecosystem still sits at an early but accelerating stage. Traditional assistive solutions—like mobility aids and localized special education tools—are now converging with digital services, AI-driven platforms, and inclusion-focused solutions designed for broad scalability.

Across the spectrum:

• Digital accessibility is becoming a priority as more services move online.
• Assistive technology empowerment is expanding beyond hardware into software and training.
• Employment and skills programs are pairing digital tools with economic integration.

Despite this progress, challenges persist. These include limited local datasets for Arabic-native accessibility AI models, a scarcity of venture funding specifically earmarked for assistive technology, and ongoing gaps in awareness among private sector adopters. Yet Saudi Arabia’s digital-first trajectory, coupled with supportive government frameworks, creates fertile ground for further innovation.

Startup and Organization Profiles: Leaders in Accessibility

Advanced Access 

Advanced Access is a Saudi company dedicated to making digital platforms—websites, apps, and services—fully inclusive and usable by people of all abilities. Its core offering is digital accessibility auditing and consulting, combining automated and manual testing to identify barriers and guide organizations toward international accessibility standards. Beyond compliance, Advanced Access supports strategy development, training, and continuous improvement to ensure digital services are equitably accessible to users with visual, motor, cognitive, or sensory impairments. 

Importantly, Advanced Access aligns with Vision 2030’s goal of building a truly inclusive national digital ecosystem, positioning Saudi Arabia as a leader in digital accessibility. 

Tawasal Association for Assistive Technologies 

Tawasal is a pioneering association in Saudi Arabia focused on harnessing modern devices and software to improve everyday life for people with disabilities. Licensed by the National Center the Non-Profit Sector, the organization provides assistive devices, technology project support, and consultation tailored to individual needs and functional impairments. 

Rather than functioning solely as a product vendor, Tawasal acts as an integrator, connecting users with adaptive technologies (like communication devices or smart mobility aids), offering training, and facilitating community awareness about tech adoption. Its mission, “Better Technology, Easier Life,” reflects a holistic approach where technology meets real-world needs, especially among individuals who may struggle to access mainstream solutions otherwise.

Qaderoon Foundation 

While Qaderoon is a nonprofit rather than a classic tech startup, it plays a crucial role in the accessibility ecosystem by marrying digital inclusion with workforce integration. Based in Jeddah, Qaderoon focuses on rehabilitation, training, and employment opportunities for people with disabilities, equipping them with the skills and tools necessary to thrive in the modern job market. 

Its services include job placement portals, professional training programs, and workplace readiness initiatives that emphasize not just employment but sustained participation and independence. Qaderoon acts as a bridge between talent and opportunity, ensuring that accessibility tech and inclusive employment go hand in hand. 

Technological Innovations in Accessibility

Across these initiatives, specific technological threads are emerging:

• Accessibility Standards and Digital Audits: Tools and processes that evaluate and fix digital barriers, ensuring compliance with accessibility guidelines and making online content usable for screen readers and adaptive interfaces.
• Assistive Devices and Software: Adaptive technologies—from communication aids to mobility supports—are central to Tawasal’s mission, enabling users to overcome physical or functional barriers in daily life. 
• Web and App Usability Enhancements: Modern UX design infused with accessibility considerations (contrast modes, keyboard navigation, alternative text protocols) helps digital services become universally accessible. 
• Employment Tech Platforms: Digital recruitment and training systems support economic inclusion, bridging gaps between talent and opportunity for people with disabilities. This model is central to Qaderoon’s operations. 

Although AI-specific tools for people with disabilities (e.g., sign language recognition or predictive text for communication disorders) are not yet prominently developed by these organizations, the foundation they are building—especially in accessible digital frameworks—sets the groundwork for future AI-driven solutions.

Social and Regulatory Environment

Saudi Arabia’s regulatory landscape is evolving rapidly. National strategies and quality-of-life programs emphasize inclusion, accessibility, and technology empowerment. Digital platforms used by the government are increasingly expected to meet accessibility standards, creating demand for services like those offered by Advanced Access.

Meanwhile, nonprofits like Tawasal and Qaderoon benefit from government recognition and licensing, an indicator of institutional support for inclusive initiatives.

Social attitudes toward disability are also shifting. Where access was once framed primarily as a welfare issue, it is now increasingly positioned as a matter of civil inclusion and economic participation. This cultural change—amplified by awareness campaigns and visibility of people with disabilities in public life—creates a more fertile environment for accessibility innovation.

Future Outlook: Growth Ahead

Looking forward, Saudi Arabia’s accessibility tech sector is poised for expansion in several key directions:

• AI-Driven Accessibility Tools: As data ecosystems grow, there’s potential for AI models tailored to assistive use cases (e.g., Arabic-language speech recognition or predictive text for alternative communication).
• Accessible Government Services: With digital transformation underway across the public sector, accessibility compliance could become a basic requirement, boosting demand for auditing and consulting services.
• Inclusive Employment Platforms: Digital platforms linking people with disabilities to jobs—and supporting employers in creating accessible work environments—could proliferate alongside Saudi labor reforms.
• Cross-Sector Innovation: Integrations between healthtech, smart mobility, and digital inclusion promise hybrid solutions that enhance independent living.

To sustain this momentum, collaboration will be key. Startups, nonprofits, government agencies, tech giants, and investors must work together—sharing data, co-developing solutions, and scaling what works.

Conclusion

Technology’s potential to empower people with disabilities in Saudi Arabia is no longer theoretical; it is tangible, actionable, and growing. Organizations like Advanced Access, Tawasal, and Qaderoon demonstrate how digital inclusion can intersect with real-world impact, from accessible websites to assistive technologies and inclusive employment.

By continuing to invest in technology built with and for people with disabilities, Saudi Arabia can not only close persistent gaps in accessibility but also unlock new avenues for dignity, independence, and participation for all.

Noha Gad

The e-commerce sector in Saudi Arabia has settled into a stable, high-growth era, driven by increased opportunities for e-commerce players and a continued rise in consumer preference for innovative new payment methods, ranging from Buy Now, Pay Later (BNPL) to crypto and digital wallets. According to the latest report released by the Ministry of Commerce, the e-commerce sector experienced a 5% increase in existing registrations during the third quarter (Q3) of 2025, reaching 41,816 registrations, compared with 39,769 in Q3-24. Another report published by Modor Intelligent indicated that the e-commerce market size in Saudi Arabia reached $27.9 billion in 2025, and is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 11.9% between 2026 and 2031. The re-commerce sector emerged rapidly across the Kingdom, transforming the way consumers buy and sell pre-owned goods. Fueled by a large, connected youth population and a booming e-commerce ecosystem, buying and selling pre-owned goods through specialized applications and online platforms moved from a niche practice to a mainstream economic activity. 

Digital marketplaces are redefining value for Saudi consumers, offering access to high-quality secondhand electronics, fashion, furniture, vehicles, and real estate units with unprecedented convenience and security. This tech-driven sector not only unlocks significant economic value for individuals and entrepreneurs but also aligns with national priorities by promoting a more circular economy and sustainable consumption patterns in alignment with Vision 2030.

Resale in Saudi Arabia primarily refers to the informal buying and selling of pre-owned goods through digital platforms, such as Haraj, Soum, Kayishha, Syarah, Dubizzle, and OpenSooq, where transactions rely on personal trust, direct negotiation, and minimal platform intervention. This model dominates for everyday items, such as used furniture, cars, and mid-range fashion, often lacking formal quality checks or warranties.

The re-commerce market in Saudi Arabia is expected to grow annually by 15.8% to record $1.75 billion in 2025. According to a recent report published by ResearchAndMarkets, the market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 13.3% between 2025 and 2029 to reach $2.88 billion by the end of 2029. This growth will be fueled by a mix of economic drivers, policy support, and digital infrastructure and payment readiness. 

Rising living costs amid aspirational spending made pre-owned goods a practical choice for electronics, fashion, and appliances, especially as new luxury items strain budgets for the Kingdom's young urban professionals. This shift is evident in the rapid growth of electronics trade-ins and fashion resale, where affordability meets desire without compromising perceived quality. Additionally, re-commerce aligns perfectly with Vision 2030’s circular economy targets by extending product lifecycles, appealing to a rising eco-conscious demographic that views resale as both sustainable and patriotic.

High smartphone penetration, advanced logistics, and widespread digital wallets enabled key players in the Saudi market to offer seamless transactions. Trust mechanisms such as escrow, buyer protection, and cash-on-delivery (COD) options bridge cultural preferences for secure deals. This infrastructure, combined with social media's influence, accelerates peer-to-peer (P2P) and B2C models, making Saudi Arabia a frontrunner in regional re-commerce maturity.

Saudis have long embraced resale through trusted informal channels, but digital platforms now focus on structure, quality assurance, and scale to evolve the market.

 

Key players in the Saudi market

• Haraj: Established in 2007, Haraj is a Saudi marketplace for all goods, cars, real estate, and electronics. It initially focused on cars, then moved to real estate, and ended up being the one-stop shop for all classifieds in the Kingdom. Receiving over half a million visitors daily, Haraj applies the world's latest technologies at the back-end to provide developers with a great environment to learn and empower entrepreneurs to build a strong base before expanding the market.
• Soum: One of the leading marketplaces for secondhand electronics in Saudi Arabia that enables users to buy, sell, and discover various products, including desktops, laptops, tablets, smartwatches, cameras, headphones, and more. This first-of-its-kind unified national application enables both small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and individuals to sell in its marketplace, leveraging its wide network that covers over 150 Saudi cities.
• Kayishha: A reliable car buying company in Saudi Arabia that helps car sellers sell their used cars in a hassle-free manner, regardless of their make, model, age, or condition. Using a safe and transparent car-selling process, Kayishha enables sellers to sell their cars in just 30 minutes.
• OpenSooq: The leading mobile-first classifieds marketplace in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region that allows users to buy, sell, and trade a wide variety of goods and services. It enables user-to-user real-time chat and allows each user to build their own profile.

Saudi consumer engagement with the resale market is a significant and growing trend, primarily driven by a generational shift where younger buyers prioritize value and sustainability over pristine newness. Tech-savvy youth are the primary adopters of digital resale platforms, using them for value-driven purchases and to generate side income. In the context of high costs for new vehicles, electronics, and branded goods, the resale market serves as a strategic channel for cost-conscious consumers to access quality products. However, quality and counterfeiting fears persist, particularly for fashion and tech. 

The resale market in the Kingdom faces several distinct challenges that affect its scalability, trust, and user experience. Major challenges include:

• Lack of standardization: In open-market platforms, product grading, condition descriptions, and imagery are not standardized, leading to buyer-seller disputes and hesitation.
• Counterfeit and misrepresented goods: Particularly in high-value segments like luxury fashion, electronics, and automotive parts, verifying authenticity and accurate condition descriptions remains a significant hurdle.
• Seller accountability: Ensuring reliable seller behavior, honest representation, and safe transaction completion can be difficult on P2P platforms without robust mediation systems.
• Returns and refunds complexity: Establishing fair and clear return policies for used items is a persistent operational and customer service challenge.
• Consumer protection gaps: The legal framework for disputes in private online sales is less clear than for registered e-commerce businesses, potentially leaving buyers and sellers vulnerable.

Additionally, challenges center on building systematic trust, streamlining complex operations, and changing deep-seated consumer habits. Addressing these issues through technology, standardized services, and clear regulations is instrumental for the Saudi resale market to mature from a popular informal exchange into a structured, high-growth segment of the retail economy.

Finally, Saudi Arabia’s e-commerce landscape is advancing on two dynamic fronts: the mature expansion of traditional e-commerce and the rapid emergence of re-commerce. Together, they are fundamentally reshaping the Kingdom’s retail economy, driven by digital adoption, youthful demographics, and alignment with Vision 2030's economic diversification and sustainability goals. The re-commerce sector evolved from informal P2P trading into a structured, high-potential market projected for significant growth. Digital marketplaces are driving this shift, moving the market toward greater convenience, trust, and scale. As these marketplaces continue to innovate and integrate stronger trust mechanisms, they will not only capture greater market share but also redefine sustainable consumption for a generation.

Ghada Ismail

In a competitive digital landscape, grabbing attention and keeping users engaged is tougher than ever. Traditional marketing tactics alone often fall short in capturing long-term interest. This is where gamification—the practice of applying game mechanics to non-game experiences—comes in. By making interactions fun, interactive, and rewarding, gamification transforms ordinary campaigns into experiences that motivate, engage, and create loyalty.

What is Gamification?

Gamification involves integrating elements like points, badges, levels, challenges, leaderboards, and rewards into marketing, apps, or digital platforms. It leverages human psychology by tapping into natural drivers such as achievement, progress, recognition, and competition. When users feel motivated by these triggers, they are more likely to take the actions you want as a business owner, including signing up, sharing content, purchasing, or returning regularly. In short, gamification is about making engagement both enjoyable and purposeful.

1. Understand Your Audience

Not all users respond to the same incentives. Some are motivated by competition and social recognition, while others seek personal achievement, mastery, or tangible rewards. Startups need to research and segment their audience to understand these motivations. By aligning gamification mechanics with user preferences, you create experiences that feel meaningful rather than gimmicky, increasing the likelihood of consistent engagement.

2. Set Clear Objectives

Gamification should be integrated into a broader marketing strategy, not treated as a standalone tactic. Every gamified element should tie back to specific business goals. For example, if your aim is to grow your email list, the gamification should reward sign-ups or referrals. If your goal is repeat purchases, points, or progress tracking tied to buying behavior can encourage loyalty. Clearly defined objectives also allow you to measure success, adjust strategies, and ensure your gamification delivers tangible results.

3. Incorporate Game Mechanics Thoughtfully

Choosing the right mechanics is essential. Gamification tools like points, badges, levels, challenges, leaderboards, and progress bars can all enhance engagement, but only if they are implemented thoughtfully. Points and rewards incentivize specific actions, while badges and levels recognize achievement and create a sense of progress. Leaderboards foster healthy competition, challenges encourage ongoing interaction, and progress bars visually track advancement, keeping users motivated and invested over time.

4. Make It Social and Shareable

Humans are inherently social creatures, and gamification thrives on social interaction. When users can share achievements, invite friends, or compete with peers, engagement naturally increases. Social features also amplify the reach of your campaigns, turning users into organic promoters of your brand. Encouraging friendly competition or cooperative challenges can transform a passive marketing experience into an interactive, community-driven journey.

5. Tie Rewards to Real Value

Rewards are only effective when they feel worthwhile. They don’t always need to be financial; recognition, early access, exclusive content, or digital perks can be equally compelling. The key is that rewards align with user interests and reinforce desired behaviors. When users perceive genuine value in the rewards, they are more likely to participate and remain engaged.

6. Test, Measure, and Iterate

Gamification is not one-size-fits-all. Continuous monitoring, testing, and refinement are essential to maintain effectiveness. Startups should track engagement metrics, experiment with different mechanics, and respond to user feedback. Iteration ensures that gamified experiences evolve alongside user behavior and market trends, keeping your marketing strategy relevant and impactful.

Wrapping Things Up…

Gamification can transform traditional marketing into interactive, engaging experiences that drive meaningful actions and foster loyalty. For startups, it offers a cost-effective way to increase user engagement, encourage repeat interactions, and differentiate your brand. By focusing on audience motivations, setting clear goals, thoughtfully implementing game mechanics, creating social interactions, providing meaningful rewards, and iterating based on feedback, startups can use gamification to deliver campaigns that are both fun and results-driven.

Noha Gad

Startups often struggle with limited budgets while pursuing rapid growth, relying on lean marketing approaches such as growth hacking, content marketing, and digital channels to maximize revenues. These strategies prioritize low-cost, high-impact tactics such as social media virality, SEO-driven inbound leads, and influencer partnerships over traditional mass advertising. Therefore, marketing return on investment (MROI) became crucial as it evaluates how effectively these efforts translate spending into profitable revenue.

What is marketing ROI?

Marketing ROI is a performance measure used to evaluate the efficiency of a marketing campaign or to compare the efficiency of different campaigns, helping marketers understand what is working, what is not, and where to adjust. It is a critical metric for proving marketing’s impact on growth and making smarter budget decisions.

It refers to all profit and revenue growth from all marketing channels, which may include email marketing, social media marketing, digital marketing, and any other type of marketing.

MROI contributes to assessing broader value, such as customer engagement, brand visibility, and long-term impact, by evaluating how different channels and campaign types boost business growth. It also helps startups build a strategy that delivers both short-term results and long-term gains.

Marketing ROI = (Revenue Generated from Marketing - Cost of Marketing) / Cost of Marketing 

Startups and companies can track marketing ROI by evaluating the cost ratio or efficiency ratio. This formula calculates how much money is generated for every marketing dollar spent. An efficient marketing campaign may result in a cost ratio of 5:1—that is, $5 generated for every $1 spent, with a simple marketing ROI of 400%. 

Early-stage companies typically aim for MROI benchmarks of 3:1 to 5:1, adapting as they scale from acquisition-focused tactics to retention-driven models. It shifts focus from vanity metrics, such as impressions, to revenue realities, enabling data-backed pivots in volatile markets. 

Marketing ROI vs. traditional ROI

MROI fundamentally differs from traditional ROI in accounting terms due to the way each is classified and treated on financial statements. Traditional ROI applies to capital expenditures (CAPEX), where funds are invested upfront and depreciated over time, generating returns from long-term assets. Meanwhile, MROI treats marketing spend as operational expenditure (OPEX), expensed immediately in the current period rather than capitalized.

MROI divides incremental profit contribution after marketing costs by the full spend, ignoring asset depreciation since marketing does not create lasting balance sheet items. Traditional ROI, however, uses assets tied up in balance sheets, enabling residual income calculations that factor the minimum required returns on those assets. 

Why marketing ROI matters?

Marketing ROI illustrates how the company’s marketing is performing and its impact on the business. When MROI data shows which marketing channels are most effective and most profitable, companies can pivot their marketing spend to focus on those channels and reach more customers. The ability to quickly and clearly determine the most effective marketing tactics and channels is particularly important for SMEs, where budgets are more constrained, and value needs to be proven as fast as possible.

For C-suite executives, especially CMOs and CFOs, marketing ROI provides the financial justification for continued investment. For marketing teams, it offers the language and metrics to communicate value in terms that resonate throughout the organization and to facilitate cross-team collaboration.

In conclusion, mastering MROI empowers startups to navigate tight budgets with precision, transforming lean tactics, such as SEO, social media virality, and content marketing, into scalable growth engines that deliver measurable profits.

Unlike traditional ROI, which handles long-term capital assets depreciated over time, MROI treats marketing as immediate operational expenses, emphasizing short-term incremental gains without balance sheet complications. This distinction empowers faster pivots, sharper budget decisions, and stronger alignment between marketing and finance leaders.

Ultimately, startups that prioritize MROI foster a cycle of continuous optimization, which includes auditing campaigns regularly, relocating to top performers, and scaling what works. This not only justifies marketing's role to executives but also drives lasting customer acquisition, retention, and business success in competitive landscapes.