Co-Founders and Contracts: The Legal Part of it

Dec 30, 2024

Ghada Ismail

 

When starting a company, the excitement of innovation and ambition often overshadows the critical legal and financial groundwork needed to secure a startup’s future. Yet, ensuring clear agreements and protecting intellectual property from the outset can save co-founders from potential disputes down the road. In this installment, we explore the essential legal and financial considerations every co-founder must address to build a stable foundation for their venture.

 

1. The Importance of Clear Co-Founder Agreements

 

From day one, having a co-founder agreement in place is non-negotiable. This document should outline key elements such as equity ownership, roles, decision-making authority, and an agreed-upon exit strategy.

Without such an agreement, even the strongest partnerships can falter under pressure. Questions such as "Who owns how much?" or "What happens if one of us leaves?" can lead to conflicts that are avoidable with a clear legal framework. These agreements serve as a reference point during challenging times, ensuring transparency and mutual understanding.

 

2. Dealing with Equity Splits: Fair and Transparent Agreements

 

Determining how to split equity is one of the most delicate conversations co-founders will have. A fair split isn’t always 50-50; it’s about aligning contributions—both financial and operational—with ownership stakes.

To achieve this, co-founders should openly discuss:

  • The value of each co-founder’s input (time, expertise, and capital).
  • Vesting schedules to ensure equity is earned over time, safeguarding against early departures.
  • Future roles and their impact on the company’s growth.

Transparency during these discussions builds trust and prevents misunderstandings later on.

 

3. Protecting Intellectual Property (IP)

 

For many startups, intellectual property is their most valuable asset. Co-founders must establish clear ownership rights for anything created during the course of the venture.

Key steps include:

 

  • Defining who owns what in terms of IP contributions.
  • Registering patents, trademarks, or copyrights under the company’s name to avoid individual claims.
  • Drafting confidentiality agreements to protect sensitive information.

These measures ensure that the startup’s core innovations remain safeguarded, regardless of changes in the co-founder team.

 

4. Preparing for Exit: Buyouts, Acquisitions, and Co-Founder Exits

 

While no one likes to think about it, co-founders must plan for scenarios where one partner decides to leave. Exit strategies are crucial for ensuring the business can continue without disruption.

Key considerations include:

 

  • Buyout clauses that allow remaining founders to purchase the departing founder’s equity at a fair value.
  • Provisions for handling acquisitions or mergers, including how proceeds are distributed.
  • Non-compete agreements to prevent departing co-founders from starting a competing business.

Addressing these scenarios early provides stability and protects the company’s interests in the long term.

 

Final Thoughts

 

Starting a company with a co-founder offers immense benefits, but it also requires careful planning and open communication about legal and financial matters. Clear agreements, equitable arrangements, and robust protections for intellectual property are not just safeguards—they are enablers of trust and long-term success.

 

By addressing these considerations from the outset, co-founders can focus on building a thriving business, confident that their shared vision is well-protected. Ultimately, the strength of a co-founder partnership lies in its ability to combine shared ambition with sound strategies, creating a legacy that extends beyond individual contributions.

 

With this, we conclude our mini-series on co-founders. Whether you're just starting your journey or navigating the complexities of an established partnership, remember that the foundation you build today will shape the success of your startup for years to come.

 

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Saudi Startups in 2025: 8 Game-Changing Trends Redefining Innovation and Growth

Kholoud Hussein 

 

Saudi Arabia's startup ecosystem is evolving at an unprecedented pace, fueled by the Kingdom's Vision 2030 and a global shift toward innovation and technology. As the country positions itself as a hub for entrepreneurship in the MENA region, 2025 is set to be a transformative year for startups. From green technologies to the rise of venture capital, several key trends are shaping the sector's future.

 

Here are eight key trends expected to redefine the startup landscape in Saudi Arabia in 2025:

 

1. AI-Driven Startups on the Rise

Trend: Artificial intelligence (AI) is becoming the backbone of innovation, with startups leveraging AI across industries such as healthcare, fintech, and logistics.

Impact in Saudi Arabia:

  • The National Strategy for Data and AI (NSDAI) is driving AI adoption, offering support to startups focused on AI-based solutions.
  • AI-powered platforms are enabling efficiencies in sectors like retail, education, and government services.
  • Startups like Mozn and Lucidya are leading the way in AI-driven analytics and insights.


Expect more Saudi startups to explore generative AI and AI-powered personalization to create new opportunities.

 

2. Green Tech and Sustainability Startups Flourishing

Trend: With sustainability becoming a global priority, green tech startups are emerging to address climate challenges and contribute to Saudi Arabia's Saudi Green Initiative.

Impact in Saudi Arabia:

  • The government’s commitment to achieving net-zero emissions by 2060 has created a fertile ground for startups in renewable energy, carbon capture, and sustainable infrastructure.
  • Startups like Desert Control and Nomadd are innovating in agriculture and solar cleaning technologies, respectively.


In 2025, the startup ecosystem will likely see more investments and partnerships in green technologies, supported by both local and international venture capital.

 

3. Expansion of Venture Capital and Angel Investing

Trend: The availability of funding has been a game-changer for startups, with 2025 expected to bring a surge in venture capital (VC) and angel investments.

Impact in Saudi Arabia:

  • Government-backed initiatives like Saudi Venture Capital Company (SVC) and Jada Fund of Funds are creating funding opportunities.
  • International VCs are increasingly entering the Saudi market, attracted by its rapid growth and tech-savvy population.
  • The volume of deals is expected to grow beyond the SAR 4 billion recorded in 2024.

What to Watch:
Expect new funds targeting specific sectors like health tech, AI, and sustainability.

 

4. The Rise of Women-Led Startups

Trend: With increased participation of women in the workforce, Saudi Arabia is witnessing a rise in women-led startups.

Impact in Saudi Arabia:

  • Government programs like Monsha’at’s SME Bank and accelerators tailored for women entrepreneurs are fostering growth.
  • Women-led startups are making strides in education tech, health tech, and e-commerce, driven by diverse perspectives and innovation.


Expect more success stories of women entrepreneurs breaking barriers and scaling globally.

 

5. Integration of Fintech Across Industries

Trend: Fintech continues to dominate, with its integration into sectors like real estate, healthcare, and e-commerce reshaping business models.

Impact in Saudi Arabia:

  • Fintech adoption is accelerated by the Saudi Central Bank (SAMA), promoting innovation through open banking and regulatory sandboxes.
  • Startups like Tabby and Tamara are driving the Buy Now, Pay Later (BNPL) trend, transforming consumer finance.

What to Watch:
The expansion of blockchain and AI-powered fintech solutions will redefine how businesses and consumers interact with financial services.

 

6. Focus on Localized Solutions for Saudi Markets

Trend: Startups are increasingly focusing on hyper-localized solutions tailored to the Saudi market's unique needs.

Impact in Saudi Arabia:

  • Startups addressing local challenges, such as desert farming, waste management, and urban mobility, are gaining traction.
  • Food tech startups like Chefaa and logistics innovators like Jahez are examples of how localization drives success.


In 2025, startups will further explore untapped markets in Saudi Arabia’s smaller cities and rural areas, leveraging digital transformation.

 

7. Smart Cities as Startup Testing Grounds

Trend: Smart cities like Neom and The Line are becoming incubators for innovation and startup experimentation.

Impact in Saudi Arabia:

  • These projects offer startups access to cutting-edge infrastructure, IoT systems, and sustainable living environments.
  • Sectors such as transportation, renewable energy, and AI-powered urban planning are attracting significant startup activity.


Startups that align with smart city goals will benefit from government support and increased visibility on a global stage.

 

8. Evolving Regulatory Environment Supporting Startups

Trend: Proactive regulatory changes are fostering a business-friendly environment, enabling startups to thrive.

Impact in Saudi Arabia:

  • Initiatives like the Small and Medium Enterprises General Authority (Monsha’at) and regulatory sandboxes have streamlined processes for business registration and compliance.
  • The Kingdom’s move to reduce corporate taxes and simplify business licenses is attracting entrepreneurs.


In 2025, expect more reforms designed to boost foreign investment and support startup scalability.

 

A Dynamic Year Ahead for Saudi Startups

The startup ecosystem in Saudi Arabia is on the cusp of significant transformation. With government backing, technological innovation, and a growing pool of talent, 2025 is set to be a defining year. The trends outlined above highlight the Kingdom's commitment to becoming a global hub for entrepreneurship, aligned with Vision 2030.

 

By focusing on sectors such as AI, fintech, sustainability, and smart cities, Saudi startups are not just addressing local challenges but also paving the way for regional and global impact. As funding increases and new opportunities emerge, the Kingdom’s entrepreneurial landscape is poised to thrive, making 2025 a year to watch closely.

Beyond the Screen: The Unique Value of Face-to-Face Interactions

Ghada Ismail

 

In the digital age, the allure of virtual meetings is undeniable. Yet, when it comes to forging meaningful business relationships, nothing quite matches the depth and impact of face-to-face interactions. For SMEs striving for growth, these in-person connections are more than a luxury—they are a strategic necessity. This episode explores why stepping beyond the screen can lead to unparalleled opportunities and stronger partnerships.

 

Building Trust Through Presence

Trust is the cornerstone of any successful business relationship, and building it often requires more than virtual connections. In-person meetings foster a sense of authenticity and commitment that digital platforms struggle to achieve. A handshake, shared meal, or even casual conversation can create bonds that lead to long-term partnerships. For SMEs, these connections can be pivotal in securing deals, attracting investors, or establishing reliable supply chains.

 

Reading the Unspoken: Body Language and Context

Face-to-face meetings provide an opportunity to pick up on subtle cues that virtual platforms often miss. Body language, tone of voice, and other non-verbal signals offer critical insights into a partner’s intentions and comfort level. These nuanced observations can guide SMEs in negotiations, helping them adapt strategies in real time. Moreover, being physically present allows a deeper understanding of cultural and organizational contexts, particularly when entering new markets.

 

Showcasing Commitment and Seriousness

Traveling to meet a client or partner in person demonstrates dedication and seriousness about the relationship. This effort often leaves a lasting impression, showcasing the SME’s commitment to collaboration and growth. For businesses looking to expand internationally, such gestures can be the deciding factor in winning over stakeholders who value personal interaction.

 

Networking Beyond the Agenda

While virtual meetings tend to stick strictly to the agenda, in-person visits often open doors to informal networking opportunities. Whether it’s a chance encounter at a conference or a post-meeting coffee chat, these interactions can spark unexpected collaborations and ideas. SMEs can benefit immensely from these serendipitous moments, gaining insights and contacts that might not have emerged in a structured online meeting.

 

The Human Element in a Digital Age

At its core, business is about people. Despite advancements in technology, the human need for connection remains unchanged. Face-to-face interactions provide a level of engagement and emotional resonance that is hard to achieve through screens. For SMEs navigating competitive industries, this human touch can set them apart, fostering loyalty and goodwill that fuel long-term success.

 

Balancing Virtual and In-Person Interactions

While the importance of face-to-face meetings is undeniable, SMEs must strike a balance between physical and virtual engagements. Strategic planning can help businesses maximize the benefits of both approaches. For instance, SMEs can use virtual meetings for routine updates while reserving travel for high-stakes negotiations, key networking events, or market exploration trips.

 

Wrapping things up...

In the quest for growth, SMEs must look beyond the convenience of digital communication and embrace the unique value of in-person interactions. These moments of genuine connection, trust-building, and cultural understanding can be transformative, propelling businesses toward new opportunities and stronger partnerships.

 

In the next episode, we’ll tackle the practical side of business travel with Navigating Challenges: How SMEs Optimize Business Travel, exploring how small businesses can overcome hurdles to make the most of their journeys.

 

Saudi Arabia’s VC Revolution: Why Global Investors Are Betting Big in 2024

Kholoud Hussein 

 

In 2024, Saudi Arabia's venture capital (VC) landscape has experienced unprecedented growth, attracting a significant influx of international investors. This surge is a testament to the Kingdom's strategic economic reforms, robust startup ecosystem, and commitment to innovation. This article delves into the factors driving this trend, supported by recent data, reports, and insights from officials and venture capitalists.

 

A Surge in Venture Capital Investment

Saudi Arabia has emerged as a leader in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region's venture capital scene. In the first half of 2024, the Kingdom secured $412 million in total venture capital funding across 63 deals, marking a 7% year-over-year decline—the smallest among the top three MENA countries. This performance is particularly notable given the broader regional downturn, with the MENA region experiencing an average 34% drop in funding during the same period. 

 

Saudi Arabia's contribution to the MENA region's total funding surged from 38% in H1 2023 to 54% in H1 2024, with the Kingdom accounting for 30% of total deals, up from 25% in the same period last year. 

 

Government Initiatives Fueling Growth

The Saudi government's strategic initiatives have created a conducive environment for venture capital investment. Vision 2030, the Kingdom's ambitious blueprint for economic diversification, emphasizes the development of a knowledge-based economy. This vision has led to significant investments in technology, infrastructure, and regulatory reforms to foster entrepreneurship and innovation.

 

One notable initiative is the establishment of the Public Investment Fund (PIF), which has been pivotal in channeling investments into emerging technologies and startups. In 2024, PIF announced plans to create a $40 billion fund focused on artificial intelligence (AI), signaling the Kingdom's commitment to becoming a global leader in this domain. 

 

Yasir Al-Rumayyan, Governor of PIF, stated: "Our goal is to position Saudi Arabia at the forefront of technological innovation. By investing in AI and other emerging technologies, we are not only diversifying our economy but also creating opportunities for future generations." 

 

International Investors Take Notice

The Kingdom's proactive approach has not gone unnoticed by international investors. The combination of government support, a burgeoning startup ecosystem, and a strategic geographic location has made Saudi Arabia an attractive destination for venture capital.

 

Steel Atlas, a New York-based venture firm, exemplifies this trend. In 2024, the firm raised its first $10 million fund to connect U.S. and European startups with funding and deployment opportunities in Saudi Arabia. Cameron Porter, co-founder of Steel Atlas, highlighted the alignment between Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030 goals and the interests of Western venture investors in advanced industrial, climate, and AI technologies. 

 

Porter remarked: "Saudi Arabia's commitment to innovation and its strategic vision for the future present unparalleled opportunities for investors and startups alike." 

 

Sectoral Focus: Technology and Innovation

The influx of venture capital is particularly pronounced in sectors aligned with the Kingdom's strategic priorities. Technology, especially AI, enterprise software, and fintech, has attracted substantial investment.

 

In 2024, Saudi Arabia intensified its efforts to position itself as a global leader in AI. The Kingdom hosted several high-profile AI events and forged significant partnerships, such as the collaboration between Groq and Saudi Aramco to build the largest AI inference data center. These initiatives are part of "Project Transcendence," aimed at developing a comprehensive AI ecosystem within Saudi Arabia. 

 

Regulatory Reforms Enhance Investment Climate

Saudi Arabia's commitment to creating a business-friendly environment has been further demonstrated through regulatory reforms aimed at attracting foreign direct investment (FDI). The Capital Market Authority (CMA) has implemented measures to enhance market transparency, protect investor rights, and streamline procedures for foreign investors.

 

These reforms have yielded positive results. According to the Oxford Business Group, Saudi Arabia has made substantial progress in attracting foreign investors to its capital markets in recent years, transforming the Kingdom into a key investment destination. 

 

Challenges and Considerations

While the venture capital landscape in Saudi Arabia is burgeoning, investors must navigate certain challenges. Understanding the local market dynamics, cultural nuances, and regulatory environment is crucial for success. Additionally, the global economic climate and geopolitical factors can influence investment decisions.

 

However, the Kingdom's commitment to economic diversification and its strategic initiatives provide a strong foundation for sustained growth in the venture capital sector.

 

Future Outlook

The trajectory of Saudi Arabia's venture capital market indicates a promising future. With continued government support, a growing startup ecosystem, and increasing international investor interest, the Kingdom is well-positioned to become a leading hub for innovation and entrepreneurship in the region.

 

As Saudi Arabia continues to implement its Vision 2030, the venture capital landscape is expected to evolve further, offering new opportunities for investors and entrepreneurs alike.

 

Come to the conclusion, the year 2024 marks a significant milestone in Saudi Arabia's venture capital journey. The convergence of government initiatives, regulatory reforms, and international investor interest has created a dynamic and thriving ecosystem poised for sustained growth.

 

As the Kingdom continues to diversify its economy and invest in innovation, the venture capital market is set to play a pivotal role in shaping Saudi Arabia's economic future.

Why Business Travel Matters: A Strategic Growth Driver for SMEs

Ghada Ismail

 

In today’s fast-paced and hyper-connected world, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are constantly seeking ways to stand out, grow, and seize new opportunities. While digital platforms and virtual meetings have transformed communication, business travel remains a critical driver for growth and success. A research by the American Express highlights a compelling fact: 57% of SMEs report that business travel has directly fueled their expansion. Let’s explore why hitting the road is more than just a logistical necessity—it’s a strategic growth catalyst.

 

The Numbers Tell the Story

The connection between business travel and SME success is undeniable. American Express’s findings reveal that over half of SMEs attribute their growth to the opportunities generated through business trips. Whether it’s closing deals, forging partnerships, or discovering untapped markets, face-to-face interactions often create outcomes that virtual tools can’t replicate.

Key statistics show that SMEs that invest in business travel are more likely to:

  • Achieve higher revenue growth.
  • Expand into new regions or markets.
  • Establish stronger and longer-lasting client relationships.

These numbers highlight why travel is not just an expense but an investment in a company’s future.

 

Turning Trips Into Opportunities

For many SMEs, business travel has been a game-changer. Consider the story of a Saudi-based technology startup that expanded its footprint in the GCC market through a series of strategic trips. By attending industry expos, hosting in-person client meetings, and engaging in cultural immersion, the startup landed contracts that would have been difficult to secure remotely. These trips were not just about showing up; they were about demonstrating commitment, building trust, and gaining a competitive edge.

 

Similarly, a boutique manufacturing firm leveraged travel to explore supplier partnerships in Europe. What began as a routine factory visit evolved into a strategic partnership that improved their supply chain efficiency and reduced costs. Such success stories illustrate the transformative power of travel for SMEs.

 

The Strategic Imperative for SMEs

For small businesses, every decision must align with overarching goals. Business travel is no exception. Here’s how SMEs can maximize the impact of their trips:

 

  1. Set Clear Objectives: Whether it’s lead generation, client retention, or market exploration, having a clear purpose for travel ensures measurable outcomes.
  2. Leverage Networking Opportunities: Conferences and industry events are goldmines for connecting with potential clients and collaborators. SMEs should prioritize these opportunities to build lasting relationships.
  3. Focus on Long-Term Gains: While travel may come with upfront costs, the long-term benefits often outweigh the initial investment. Deals closed in person tend to be more robust and enduring.

The ROI of Business Travel

Understanding the return on investment (ROI) of business travel is essential for SMEs to ensure their trips deliver value. Calculating ROI involves comparing the outcomes of travel against its costs, including transportation, accommodation, and time. Here are some ways SMEs can evaluate the ROI of their travel efforts:

 

  1. Track Measurable Outcomes: Metrics such as deals closed, new leads generated, or partnerships secured provide tangible evidence of travel’s impact.
  2. Assess Revenue Growth: Analyze whether specific trips contribute to increased sales or expanded market share in the months following travel.
  3. Consider Intangible Benefits: Improved client relationships, enhanced brand visibility, and market insights may not show immediate financial returns but often lead to long-term gains.

By systematically evaluating these factors, SMEs can make informed decisions about their travel strategies and refine their approach to maximize impact.

 

Conclusion

Business travel is far more than a logistical endeavor for SMEs; it’s a pathway to growth, innovation, and resilience. The 57% of SMEs that recognize its value are reaping the benefits of expanded horizons and stronger connections. As technology continues to enhance global connectivity, the importance of stepping out into the world—literally—will remain a vital component of SME success.

 

In the next post, we’ll dive deeper into why in-person meetings have the edge over digital interactions and how they can amplify the value of business travel. Stay tuned!

The Entrepreneurial Wave Reshaping Saudi Arabia's Economy in 2024 and Beyond

Kholoud Hussein 

 

In 2024, Saudi Arabia's economic landscape underwent a significant transformation, driven by a burgeoning entrepreneurial wave that has redefined its economic structure and global standing. This shift aligns with the Kingdom's Vision 2030, aiming to diversify the economy away from oil dependency and foster a vibrant private sector. The rise in entrepreneurship has stimulated economic growth and spurred innovation, job creation, and increased foreign investment.

 

The Rise of Entrepreneurship in Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia has made substantial strides in creating a conducive environment for entrepreneurs. According to the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM), the Kingdom boasts a high-quality entrepreneurial ecosystem, with all individual Entrepreneurial Framework Conditions assessed as above average. This robust environment has led to a surge in entrepreneurial activities, with a significant increase in the number of startups across various sectors. 

 

The government's commitment to fostering entrepreneurship is evident through initiatives like the Social Development Bank's partnership with Empretec. Projects such as LogiHub and FintechHub are expected to benefit around 900 Saudi startup founders by 2029, with 165 having already commenced their entrepreneurial journey in 2024. 

 

Economic Impact in 2024

The entrepreneurial surge has had a profound impact on Saudi Arabia's economy. In the second quarter of 2024, the Kingdom's non-oil economic activity grew by 4.9% year-on-year, highlighting the accelerating momentum in Saudi Arabia's dynamic non-oil sectors. 

 

This growth is further supported by the International Monetary Fund (IMF), which notes that Saudi Arabia's economy is transforming, implementing reforms to reduce oil dependence, diversify income sources, and enhance competitiveness. The IMF's annual review indicates that non-oil growth has accelerated since 2021, averaging 4.8% in 2022, reflecting the success of these reforms. 

 

Government Initiatives and Support

The Saudi government has been instrumental in promoting entrepreneurship through various initiatives. The Vision 2030 plan, overseen by Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, focuses on large-scale infrastructure projects and the development of new sectors to reduce oil dependency. The Public Investment Fund (PIF), valued at $925 billion, plays a pivotal role in this transformation by investing in domestic initiatives and reducing foreign investments by about a third to concentrate on local projects. 

 

Finance Minister Mohammed Al Jadaan emphasized the government's commitment during the Future Investment Initiative conference in Riyadh, stating that Saudi Arabia is intensifying its efforts to transform its economy under the Vision 2030 plan. He expressed satisfaction with the progress but highlighted the need for continued effort to achieve the Kingdom's ambitious goals. 

 

Private Sector and Foreign Investment

The entrepreneurial wave has also attracted significant foreign investment. Saudi Arabia aims to attract $100 billion in foreign direct investment (FDI) by 2030, essential for sustaining economic transformation. While current FDI trends show challenges in meeting this target, the government's efforts to create a business-friendly environment have instilled confidence among investors. 

The private sector's role in this transformation is crucial. The rise in startups has led to increased demand for venture capital and financial services, further stimulating economic growth. The government's focus on fostering a diversified economy continues to bear fruit, supported by enabling policies, a growing private sector, and an increasingly dynamic workforce that prominently includes women. 

 

Challenges and Future Outlook

Despite the positive developments, challenges remain. The success of the entrepreneurial wave hinges on overcoming hurdles such as an insufficiently skilled workforce and a business environment that has traditionally relied on personal connections. Additionally, the country's fiscal stability is vulnerable to oil price fluctuations, complicating the PIF’s ability to sustain investments. 

 

Looking ahead, Saudi Arabia's economy is projected to remain resilient, with GDP expected to grow by 1.6% in 2024 and accelerate to 4.9% in 2025. This growth is anticipated to be driven by the non-oil sector, thanks to the government's diversification efforts and the entrepreneurial wave reshaping the economy. 

To conclude, the entrepreneurial wave in Saudi Arabia is reshaping the Kingdom's economy, reducing its dependence on oil, and fostering a vibrant private sector. Supported by government initiatives, a conducive business environment, and increased foreign investment, entrepreneurship is set to play a pivotal role in Saudi Arabia's economic landscape over the coming years. As the Kingdom continues its transformation under Vision 2030, the entrepreneurial spirit will be a driving force in achieving sustainable economic growth and diversification.